2021年中考語法專題主從復合句之定語從句ppt課件.pptx

1、中考復合句之中考復合句之定語從句定語從句1.什么叫定語？什么叫定語？定語是用來定語是用來修飾、限定修飾、限定名詞或代詞名詞或代詞的品質、特的品質、特征或作用的句子成分。征或作用的句子成分。1.Our teacher is a kind man.2.The boy in blue is a football player.3.The book on the desk has a red cover.4.The first one to come to school was Mr.White.1.Our teacher is a kind man.2.The boy in blue is a fo

2、otball player.3.The book on the desk has a red cover.4.The first one to come to school was Mr.White.初中階段可以用來作定語的詞有初中階段可以用來作定語的詞有形容詞，名詞形容詞，名詞，序數詞，動詞不定式，介詞短語，序數詞，動詞不定式，介詞短語等。等。在英語中，凡是可以翻譯為在英語中，凡是可以翻譯為“。的。的”，都可，都可以視為定語。以視為定語。練習練習1.我們收到了一份來自我們收到了一份來自Tom的信。的信。We had a letter _.2.Tom家有一個帶有花園的漂亮房子。家有一個帶有花園

3、的漂亮房子。_ family has a _ house _.3.在上海的那場比賽很激烈。在上海的那場比賽很激烈。The game _ was exciting.from TomTomsnice with a gardenin Shanghai1.我想知道他告訴你的消息。我想知道他告訴你的消息。我想知道消息。我想知道消息。I want to know the news.他告訴你的消息。他告訴你的消息。He told you the news.I want to know the news that he told you.2.我們來復習一下昨天學習的單詞。我們來復習一下昨天學習的單詞。我們來復

4、習一下單詞。我們來復習一下單詞。Lets review the words.我們昨天學習的單詞。我們昨天學習的單詞。We learnt the words yesterday.Lats review the words that we learnt yesterday.1.我想知道他告訴你的消息。我想知道他告訴你的消息。I want to know the news that he told you.2.我們來復習一下昨天學習的單詞。我們來復習一下昨天學習的單詞。Lets review the words that we learnt yesterday.先行詞先行詞關系關系代詞代詞從句從句先

5、行詞先行詞關系關系代詞代詞從句從句I want to know the news.He told you the news.I want to know the news that he told you.定語從句中關系代詞（連接詞）的作用。定語從句中關系代詞（連接詞）的作用。1.關系代詞起連接作用；關系代詞起連接作用；2.關系代詞指代先行詞；關系代詞指代先行詞；3.關系代詞在從句中要充當句子成分。關系代詞在從句中要充當句子成分。關系代詞關系代詞關系代關系代詞詞 先行詞先行詞句中作用句中作用省否省否人人主語主語/賓語賓語 關系代詞關系代詞在句中作賓在句中作賓語可以省略。語可以省略。人人賓語賓語

6、物物主語賓語主語賓語人物人物主語賓語主語賓語人物人物定語定語whowhomwhichthatwhoseI found the pen.I bought the pen yesterday.I found the pen that/whichI bought yesterday.The books are mine.The books are on the desk.The books are mine.that/which are on the desk.The books that/which are on the deskare mine.This is the book.The book

7、 is written by Luxun.This is the book that/which is written by Luxun.The computer is broken again.I repaired the computer last week.The computer that/which I repaired lastweek is broken again.1.The letter _ I received from him yesterday is very important.2.Football is a game _ is liked by most boys.

8、3.He likes to read books _ are written by foreign writers.4.This is the pen _ he bought yesterday.當先行詞是指當先行詞是指物物時，關系代詞用時，關系代詞用that/which.that/whichthat/whichthat/whichthat/whichThat is the teacher.The teacher teaches us English.That is the teacher whoteaches us English.Those boys are playing footbal

9、l.Those boys are from China.who are from China.Those boys who are from China are playing football.Those boys are playing football.That is the patient.Doctor had an operation on the patient.That is the patient whom doctors had an operation on.We all like the singer.Ths singer will come to Wuwei.We al

10、l like the singer who will come to Wuwei.Ths singer whom we like will come to Wuwei.thatwhom1.The building _ is white is my uncles house.2I know the boy _ you are looking for.3Will you please lend me the book _ you bought yesterday?4The student _the teacher praised at the class meeting is our monito

11、r.5The season _comes after spring is summer.6This is the museum _we visited last Saturday.thatwhichwhomwhichwhichWe all like the singer who will come to Wuwei.當先行詞指當先行詞指人人時，在從句中作主語，關系代詞時，在從句中作主語，關系代詞用用who，不能用，不能用whom。Ths singer whom we like will come to Wuwei.當先行詞指當先行詞指人人時，在從句中作賓語，關系代詞時，在從句中作賓語，關系代詞

12、用用whom，也可以用，也可以用who。The boy is my friend.The boys father is a teacher.The boy is my friend.whose father is a teacherThe boy whose father is a teacher is my friend.I like the car.The cars colur is red.I like the car whose colur is red.1.The building _ wall is white is my uncles house.2.The girl _ leg

13、 was broken in the earthquake was taken to hospital.3.I lost the book _ cover is blue.4.When you see the room _ door is open.先行詞不管指物還是指人，表示所屬關系時，先行詞不管指物還是指人，表示所屬關系時，都用都用whose。whose whose whose whose 1.The first thing _ you must do is to have a meal.2.April 1st is the day _ is called April Fools Day

14、in the west.3.The man _ had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.4.The man _ we met is a professor.5.Do you know the man _ car was lost?that which who whom whose 關系副詞關系副詞關系副詞關系副詞 先行詞先行詞 句中作用句中作用省否省否時間時間時間狀語時間狀語關系副詞在關系副詞在句中作狀語，句中作狀語，不可省略。不可省略。地點地點地點狀語地點狀語原因原因原因狀語原因狀語whenwher

15、ewhy1.關系副詞關系副詞when在定語從句中充當在定語從句中充當時間狀語時間狀語。那就是我到武威的日子。那就是我到武威的日子。那就是日子。那就是日子。我到武威的日子。我到武威的日子。That was the day when I reached Wuwei.I will forget the days _ we spent together.I will forget the days _ we had a good time.thatwhenThat was the day.I reached Wuwei that day.2.關系副詞關系副詞where在定語從句中充當在定語從句中充當地

16、點狀語地點狀語。武威是我出生的城市。武威是我出生的城市。武威是城市。武威是城市。我出身在武威。我出身在武威。Wuwei is the city where I was born.That is the playground _ we play football.That is the playground _ we built.where that Wuwei is the city.I was born in Wuwei.3.關系副詞關系副詞why在定語從句中充當在定語從句中充當原因狀語原因狀語。你能告訴我你遲到的原因嗎？你能告訴我你遲到的原因嗎？你能告訴我原因嗎？你能告訴我原因嗎？Can

17、you tell me the reason?你遲到。你遲到。Can you tell me the reason _ you are late?I dont believe the reason _ you told me.why thatYou are late.1.This was the time _ he arrived.2.This was the time _ we wasted.3.This is place _ he works.4.This is the best place in the city _ I know.5.The reason _ he didnt fini

18、sh his homework is not true.6.The reason _ he found is not true.when thatwherethatwhythat1.確定先行詞：空格之前的單詞或詞組確定先行詞：空格之前的單詞或詞組2.將先行詞帶入定語從句，還原從句為完整句將先行詞帶入定語從句，還原從句為完整句子子3.根據先行詞在還原句中的成分確定引導詞根據先行詞在還原句中的成分確定引導詞This is the house _ I live.This is the house _ I built.wherethat1She brought forward a plan _ we

19、didnt agree.2Bob got a job in a firm _ most famous product is chocolate.3.According to the author,people _ enjoy reading will never feel lonely.4.Mr.John said that Suzhou was the first city _ he had visited in China.thatwhowherethat5.I still remember the day _my brother joined the army.6.This is the

20、 factory _he worked last year.7.This is the park _ they visited last year.8.I dont believe the reason _ he gave me.whenwherethatthat定語從句中只能用定語從句中只能用that的情況的情況1.當先行詞中當先行詞中有人又有物有人又有物時。時。Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?We are talking about the students and school that we

21、all like.2.當先行詞為當先行詞為不定代詞不定代詞all,one,few,little,no,some,any,everything,nothing,nobody,none等時。等時。This is all that I want from the school.There is something that we are interested in.3.當先行詞被當先行詞被only,just,very,right,last等修飾等修飾時。時。This is the very book that I am looking for these days.Tom is the only s

22、tudent that finished the roport.4.當先行詞被當先行詞被序數詞序數詞或或形容詞最高級形容詞最高級修飾或先修飾或先行詞本身是行詞本身是序數詞序數詞或或形容詞最高級形容詞最高級時。時。The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city.This is the most boring film that I have watched.He is the first person that told me the news.5.主句是以主句是以who或或which開頭的開頭的特殊疑問

23、句特殊疑問句時時用用that引導。引導。Who is the person that is standing at the gate?Which of the books that you bought is the most useful for my writing?6.當主句是以當主句是以here,there 開頭時，關系代詞用開頭時，關系代詞用that.Here is the hotel that youve been looking for.There is a seat in the corner that is still not taken.1.The boy _ is pla

24、ying ping-pong is my classmate.2.The e-mail _ I received yesterday was from my sister.3.The man _ hair is white is his grandfather.4.Ive never heard of the people and things _ you talked about just now.that/whothat/whichwhosethat5.Is there anything _ I can do for you?6.This is the first play _ I hav

25、e seen since I came here.7.Which is the machine _ we used last Sunday.thatthatthat關系代詞只用關系代詞只用which的情況的情況當先行詞指當先行詞指事物事物，后跟的連接詞由，后跟的連接詞由介詞介詞+關系關系代詞代詞構成時，關系代詞只能用構成時，關系代詞只能用which。I want to buy the book with which we talked.We went the park in which we met first.The house in which I lived is burnt down.

26、情況情況1：從句謂語動詞有：從句謂語動詞有動詞動詞+介詞介詞構成。構成。1.I found the book that I am looking for.I found the book _ I am looking.2.That is the idea that we thought of.That is the idea _ we thought.3.Harry Porter is the book that we are interested in.Harry Porter is the book _ we are interested.for whichof whichin which

27、1.That is the plan _ we all agree with.2.That is the plan _ we all agree.3.That is the pen _ I always write with.4.That is the pen _ I always write.5.The teacher handed out the homework _ we handed yesterday.6.I bought the shoes _ I tried.thatwith whichthatwith whichin whichon which情況情況2：當先行詞是指：當先行詞

28、是指地點，時間，原因地點，時間，原因的名詞的名詞時，關系副詞時，關系副詞when，where，why可以換為可以換為介詞介詞+which。1.I miss the place where I lived 5 years ago.I miss the place _ I lived 5 years ago.2.I remember the day when I met you.I remember the day _ I met you.3.I believe the reason why you are late.I believe the reason _ you are late.in w

29、hichon whichfor which在句子中作時間狀語，地點狀語的部分，一般都在句子中作時間狀語，地點狀語的部分，一般都是由是由介詞介詞+名詞名詞構成的。構成的。The square is the place _ we often play.The square is the place _ we often play.Oct.1st is the day _ PRC was founded.Oct.1st is the day _ PRC was founded.根據不同的時間、地點，搭配的介詞不同。根據不同的時間、地點，搭配的介詞不同。wherein whichwhenon whic

30、h1.This is the hotel _ I stayed last week.2.We visited the house _ Luxun lived.3.They examed the street _ the accident happened.4.Friday is the day _ we will meet.5.The time _ the class begins is 8:00.6.The year _ I was born is 1989.at whichin whichon whichat whichon whichin which由由why引導的定語從句，先行詞常為引

31、導的定語從句，先行詞常為reason。由由reason構成的短語，表示構成的短語，表示。的原因。的原因：the reason for.,所以關系副詞所以關系副詞why只能只能換為換為 for which.1.This is the reason _ we want to know the truth.2.We all know the reason _ we lost the game.for whichfor which關系代詞只用關系代詞只用who的情況：的情況：先行詞是先行詞是one,ones或或anyone時時;先行詞為先行詞為those 或被或被those修飾，指人時。修飾，指人時。

32、1.One _ does not work hard will never succeed.2.Anyone _ breaks the law should be punished.3.Those _ learn not only from books but also through practice will succeed.whowhowho關系代詞只用關系代詞只用whom的情況：的情況：當先行詞指人時，后跟介詞，且在從句中作賓當先行詞指人時，后跟介詞，且在從句中作賓語，關系代詞只能用語，關系代詞只能用whom，不可用，不可用who或或that。1.That is the man _ w

33、e are looking for.2.That is the man _ we are looking.3.The boy _ you talked to is in the lab.4.The boy _ you talked is in the lab.whofor whomwhoto whom1.I still remember the night _ I first came to the house.2.Ill never forget the day _ we met each other last week.3.Mr Black is going to Beijing in O

34、ctober _ is the best season there.4.I will never forget the days _ I spent with your family.5.This is the school _ I used to study.whenon whichthatwhichwhere6.Do you still remember the place _ we visited last week?7.Do you still remember the place _ we visited the painting show?8.Have you ever been

35、to Hangzhou _ is famous for the West Lake?9.It is the third time _ you have made the same mistake.whichwherethatwhen10.This is the very novel about _ weve talked so much.11.This is the way _ he thought.12.Who is the student _ was late for school today?13.Who _ knows him wants to make friends with him?whichthatwhoof which